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Since the first case of HIV was detected in 1986, HIV prevalence in Brunei Darussalam has remained at <0.1%; however, the number of cases continues to grow and, by the end of 2009, a cumulative total of 56 cases of HIV had been reported together with 11 new cases of HIV for that year alone.

HIV was first detected in 1991 during serological screening of donated blood. Cambodia appears to be experiencing relative success in the fight against HIV. After peaking at approximately 3.3% in 1997-98, HIV prevalence among the adult population aged 15-49 years declined to 1.2% [0.85 - 1.6%] in 2001 and more recently estimated to be 0.5% [0.4-0.8%] in 2009.

The first case of HIV infection was reported in 1990 in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). By 1992, only 11 cases had been reported. However, by the end of the 1990s, the HIV epidemic in Vietnam had reached the concentrated stage with prevalence above the 5% threshold among key affected populations – mainly people who inject drugs (IDUs).

HIV was first identified in an American tourist in 1985 and the first epidemic of HIV infections was detected among drug users in the border regions of China in 1989. china is experiencing a low-prevalence epidemic, although some key regions are experiencing high prevalence epidemics.

As of 2007, the Democratic's Republic of Korea (DPRK) had an estimated population of 24 million, of which 24% are young people aged 10-24 years. Very little data on HIV prevalence and incidence is available. 

Sri Lanka - one of the few countries in the Asia Pacific region with a low-level epidemic - had an estimated adult HIV prevalence of less than 0.1% in 2009. The first case of HIV was detected in 1987, and it has been estimated that 2,800 people were living with HIV in 2009, up from 1,300 in 2001.

The first HIV case in the Philippines was detected in 1984. By the end of 2010, 6,015 individuals reported to the Philippines HIV and AIDS Registry, with more than one-fourth of all new infections being detected in 2010.

Myanmar detected its first case of HIV in 1988 and is still experiencing a concentrated HIV epidemic. Surveillance data and epidemiological models suggest a decreasing trend in HIV prevalence in the general population aged 15-49 from 0.8% in 2001 to 0.6% in 2009 – still the third highest among countries in the South-East Asian Region. The estimated number of people living with HIV in 2009 was 240,000 [160,000 – 320,000].

The first case of HIV infection in Mongolia was detected in 1992. While it has remained a low prevalence country with the number of adults and children living with HIV estimated to be less than 500, the number has been increasing with 92% of all cases reported in the last five years, a cumulative of 62 reported HIV cases.

As of 2009, there were an estimated 8,100 [6,300 - 10,000] people living with HIV and AIDS in Japan with around the third - 2,700 - comprised of women. The number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) since 1996 has continued to steadily rise with 1,075 reported new cases of HIV and 469 new cases of AIDS reported in 2010.