What's New

Objectives of the AEM workshop are to 1) explore the impact of alternative intervention packages on the future of epidemic, 2) compare these packages on terms of key policy variables such as infections averted, total deaths averted and relative costs and 3) construct Intervention and Impact Analysis Scenarios based on agreed coverage and intervention packages.

Estimation of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Sri Lanka has been conducted using estimation and projection package (EPP) and Spectrum since 2009. During 2016 also PLHIV estimation was carried out using EPP and spectrum software (version 5.571 in 2016). Spectrum software was developed by Avenir Health (www.avenirhealth.org) and the Estimates and Projections Package, which is developed by the East-West Center (www.eastwestcenter.org). The UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling and Projections provides technical guidance on the development of the HIV component of the software (www.epidem.org). The assumptions in the models about patterns of HIV transmission and disease progression are used to obtain age- and sex-specific estimates of the number of people living with HIV, the number of people newly infected with HIV and the number of people dying from AIDS-related causes as well as other important indicators.

This guideline has developed M & E framework for measuring the progress of NHSP indicators and link to result in chain framework, provide a road map for data sources, data collection, analysis and use of program implementation, information flow, and information products within the M & E system. This document will guide all relevant stakeholders on their M & E roles.

2016 is the first year of Youth LEAD to implement its Strategic Planning (2016-2018) and the first year of the Sustainable Development Goal. As expected the shifting funding landscape on HIV was felt distinctly and it has brought both challenges and opportunities to Youth LEAD. Reflecting back, Youth LEAD’s efforts accomplishments and challenges.

This implementation tool describes the recommended approaches for routine monitoring of toxicity integrated with the national monitoring and evaluation system and targeted approaches to monitoring toxicity to enable enhanced monitoring and reporting of treatment-limiting toxicity to support country implementation and generation of local data. In addition to recognizing the linkages, coinfected populations and commonalities across TB, hepatitis B and C and with the aim of encouraging integration, this tool also highlights the recommended toxicity monitoring approaches and existing tools across these disease areas.

This PrEP tool contains modules for a range of stakeholders to support them in the consideration, planning, introduction and implementation of oral PrEP. Following the WHO recommendation in September 2015 that “oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) should be offered as an additional prevention choice for people at substantial risk of HIV infection as part of combination HIV prevention approaches”, partners in countries expressed the need for practical advice on how to consider the introduction of PrEP and start implementation. In response, WHO has developed this series of modules to support the implementation of PrEP among a range of populations in different settings.  Summary of Modules Module 1: Clinical. This module is for clinicians, including physicians, nurses and clinical officers. It gives an overview of how to provide PrEP safely and effectively, including: screening for substantial risk of HIV; performing appropriate testing before initiating someone on PrEP and while the person is taking PrEP; and how to follow up PrEP users and offer counselling on issues such as adherence. Module 2: Community educators and advocates. For PrEP services to reach populations in an effective and acceptable way, community educators and advocates are needed to increase awareness about PrEP in their communities. This module provides up-to-date information on PrEP that should be considered in community-led activities that aim to increase knowledge about PrEP and generate demand and access. Module 3: Counsellors. This module is for staff who counsel people as they consider PrEP or start taking PrEP and support them in addressing issues around coping with side-effects and adherence strategies. Those who counsel PrEP users may be lay, peer or professional counsellors and healthcare workers, including nurses, clinical officers and doctors. Module 4: Leaders. This module aims to inform and update leaders and decision-makers about PrEP. It provides information on the benefits and limitations of PrEP so that they can consider how PrEP could be most effectively implemented in their own settings. It also contains a series of frequently asked questions about PrEP, with related answers. Module 5: Monitoring and evaluation. This module is for people responsible for monitoring PrEP programmes at the national and site levels. It provides information on how to monitor PrEP for safety and effectiveness, suggesting core and additional indicators for site-level, national and global reporting. Module 6: Pharmacists. This module is for pharmacists and people working in pharmacies under a pharmacist’s supervision. It provides information on the medicines used in PrEP, including the optimal storage conditions. It also gives suggestions for how pharmacists and pharmacy staff can monitor PrEP adherence and support PrEP users to take their medication regularly. Module 7: Regulatory officials. This module is for national authorities in charge of authorizing the manufacturing, importation, marketing and/or control of antiretroviral medicines used for HIV prevention. It provides information on the safety and efficacy of PrEP medicines.  Module 8: Site planning. This module is for people involved in organizing PrEP services at specific sites. It outlines the steps to be taken in planning a PrEP service and gives suggestions for personnel, infrastructure and commodities that could be considered when implementing PrEP.  Module 9: Strategic planning. As WHO recommends offering PrEP to people at substantial HIV risk, this module offers public health guidance for policy-makers on how to prioritize services, in order to reach those who could benefit most from PrEP, and in which settings PrEP services could be most cost-effective. Module 10: Testing providers. This module is for people who are responsible for providing testing services at PrEP sites and associated laboratories. It offers guidance in selecting relevant testing services, including appropriate screening of individuals before PrEP is initiated and monitoring while they are taking PrEP. Information is provided on testing for HIV, creatinine, hepatitis B and C virus, pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. Module 11: PrEP users. This module provides information for people who are interested in taking PrEP to reduce their risk of acquiring HIV and people who are already taking PrEP – to support them in their choice and use of PrEP. This module gives ideas for countries and organizations implementing PrEP to help them develop their own tools. Module 12: This module is for people who are interested in providing PrEP services to older adolescents and young adults who are at substantial risk for HIV. It provides information on: factors that influence HIV susceptibility among young peopl;enical considerations for safety and continuation on PrEP; ways to improve access and service utilization; and inclusive monitoring approaches to improve the recording and reporting of data on young people. Module 13: This module is intended to complement the other modules in the WHO PrEP implementation tool. It focuses on the integration of STI services for people who may benefit from or use PrEP. The module is divided into two parts: the first focuses on programme managers and other decision-makers, and the second on health care workers. People who use PrEP will also benefit from the module.

Pregnant and breastfeeding women living in settings where HIV incidence is greater than three per 100 person–years, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, often remain at substantial and increased risk of HIV acquisition during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Biological factors increase susceptibility, and social and behavioural factors may increase exposure to HIV infection. Pregnant and breastfeeding women who acquire HIV at this time have a greater risk of transmitting HIV to their infant than women who became infected with HIV before pregnancy. PrEP could complement established HIV prevention strategies for pregnant and breastfeeding women as part of a comprehensive package to reduce HIV infections among women and transmission from mothers to infants in settings with high HIV incidence.  

Antiretroviral treatment (ART) has radically changed the face of HIV infection, from a lethal disease into a manageable chronic condition. All 37 million people currently living with HIV are now eligible for ART based on the 2015 WHO Guidelines for ARVs for treatment and prevention - unfortunately, the latest data from December 2016 shows that only 18.2 million of these individuals are currently accessing ART. At the same time, daily antiretroviral regimens are costly and sometimes difficult for patients and most importantly not curative. HIV persists despite even the best treatment, and contributes to the development of non-AIDS morbidity.

Out of Step includes the results of a 29-country survey on national TB policies and practices. The report was created to identify gaps in implementation and monitor progress towards ending TB. While countries have made progress since the 2015 Out of Step report, much more work needs to be done to make sure that these policies are fully implemented across all communities, so that they will make a real difference to people affected by TB.

As of June 2017, more than 20 low- and middle-income countries have included or are planning to include dolutegravir (DTG) as a first-line option in their national guidelines. This technical update summarizes the recent evidence and provides programme considerations to support countries on how to transition to new antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for use in first- and second-line ARV in low and middle- income countries.