Publications

Following last year's 20th anniversary edition, the World Drug Report 2018 is again presented in a special five-booklet format designed to enhance reader friendliness while maintaining the wealth of information contained within. Booklet 1 summarizes the content of the four subsequent substantive booklets and presents policy implications drawn from their findings. Booklet 2 provides a global overview of the latest estimates of and trends in the supply, use and health consequences of drugs. Booklet 3 examines current estimates of and trends in the cultivation, production and consumption of the three plant-based drugs (cocaine, opiates and cannabis), reviews the latest developments in cannabis policies and provides an analysis of the global synthetic drugs market, including new psychoactive substances. Booklet 4 looks at the extent of drug use across age groups, particularly among young and older people, by reviewing the risks and vulnerabilities to drug use in young people, the health and social consequences they experience and their role in drug supply, as well as highlighting issues related to the health care needs of older people who use drugs. Finally, Booklet 5 focuses on the specific issues related to drug use among women, including the social and health consequences of drug use and access to treatment by women with drug use disorders; it also discusses the role played by women in the drug supply chain.

This report, Legal Gender Recognition in China: A Legal and Policy Review, provides an important resource for the inclusion of transgender people in Chinese laws and policies. The report provides specific recommendations and suggested actions that will promote legal gender recognition and inclusion for transgender people and, if adopted, will facilitate an enabling environment for transgender people to access education, employment, health and other public services. The report also highlights transgender community efforts and initiatives that could serve as new platforms for asserting transgender inclusion and those which could open the doors for more enhanced collaboration among the various sectors.

This study provides an approximate estimate of how much disease can be prevented by reducing occupational risks to health. The analysis uses a combination of approaches with a clear focus on comparative risk assessment methods, which apply detailed exposure and exposure-risk information. Of the 1.2 million deaths attributable to occupation, 1.1 million (90%) were estimated using comparative risk assessment methods, and the remaining using more limited epidemiological data and expert opinion. While the evidence has shown that many diseases are caused by occupational risks to health, to date, only a limited number of those could be quantified, suggesting that the disease burden from occupational risks presented in this report remains a conservative estimate.

The Papua New Guinea National STI & HIV Strategy 2018–2022, is the strategic guide for the country’s response to STI and HIV at both national, provincial and district levels. The strategy addresses the drivers of the STI and HIV epidemic and builds on achievements of the previous country strategic plans to achieve its goal of contributing to the country’s Vision 2050 through universal access to comprehensive STI and HIV prevention, treatment, care and support.

This report presents the findings of the second round of Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance (IBBS) surveys conducted in 2016-2017 among female sex workers (FSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) in Dili and Baucau, Timor-Leste. The previous round was conducted in 2011 among the same populations and found an HIV prevalence of less than 5%. The present study is primarily aimed to track the HIV epidemic, monitor sexual risk behaviours, and to measure access to intervention programs in responding to HIV.

Since joining the Fast Track Cities initiative in 2014 the percentage of PLHIV in Bangkok who know their status has increased, from 66% to 79% in 2016. For the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA), the priorities have moved to the “second 90” (where Bangkok is two thirds of the way, at 60%) and the “third 90” where Bangkok currently stands at 70%.

Viet Nam commercial hub and its most populous city is committed to the 90-90-90 targets and joined the Fast-Track city initiative in 2015. Having recently shown how integrating HIV services into the general health system was possible and recognizing that stigma and discrimination remained formidable barriers to people living with HIV and key populations, a pilot initiative was launched to reduce discrimination in health care settings.

Indonesia is the world's fourth most populous country, with 261,890,000 people, spread over 13,000 islands. The capital, Jakarta, has an estimated population of 10,370,000 (2017). One of the world's mega-cities, the mayor signed on to the 2014 Paris Declaration, Fast-track Cities: Ending the AIDS Epidemic (Cities Achieving 90-90-90 Targets by 2020).

Quezon City, (population 2.9 million, 2015) the most populous city in the country, has been at the forefront of the response. In 2015 to 2016, over 1500 new cases of HIV were diagnosed, approximately 10% of all cases in the country, while its population comprises less than three percent of the total Philippine population of 103 million.

Although access to effective HIV antiretroviral treatments has improved significantly – enabling people living with HIV to live long and productive lives including working and contributing to society in many different ways – people living with HIV continue to face discrimination in relation to work in terms of finding employment, keeping jobs and furthering career progression.