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Resource | Publications,
The India AIDS Initiative (Avahan) project is involved in rapid scale-up of HIV-prevention interventions in high-risk populations. This study examines the cost variation of 107 non-governmental organisations (NGOs) implementing targeted interventions, over the start up (defined as period from project inception until services to the key population commenced) and first 2 years of intervention.
Resource | Publications,
As part of monitoring and evaluation of the Avahan programmes, quantitative Special Behavioural Surveys (SBS) and Integrated Behavioural And Biological Assessment (IBBA) surveys were conducted with FSWs to examine sex work characteristics, condom use and sexual behaviours with regular partners and clients, alcohol and drug use, and knowledge and use of the HIV prevention programme services.
This quantitative Special Behavioural Survey (SBS) study was conducted with female sex workers (FSWs) in urban Bellary district from December 2005 to July 2006.
Resource | Fact Sheets,
CRiSP was done for the first time in 2006, revealing an HIV prevalence of 0.19% in female sex workers (FSW). In 2009, Department of Health commissioned Chinese University of Hong Kong to repeat the CRiSP survey, in collaboration with the Hong Kong Coalition of AIDS Service Organization Sex Industry Sub-Committee member organizations including Action for REACH out, AIDS Concern, Community Health Organization for Intervention, Care and Empowerment, Hong Kong Caritas, Hong Kong AIDS Foundation and Hong Kong Society of Rehabilitation and Crime Prevention. It aims to understand the trend of HIV prevalence among FSW and provide data for planning of prevention activities.
Resource | Publications,
To assess the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and associated factors among female sex workers (FSWs) in Guangdong, China. Respondent driven sampling was used to recruit 320 FSWs. The recruited participants were interviewed face-to-face using a structured questionnaire and tested for HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, and Chlamydia.
Resource | Publications,
The prevalence of HIV was low in 917 male and transgender sex workers and absent in 533 female sex workers in the study. High levels of current sexually transmitted infections were found, predominantly among transgender sex workers. Risk behaviours were common and knowledge of HIV was extremely low.
The HIV epidemic is currently in its early stages among people who sell sex, but there may be potential for a much greater spread given the levels of other sexually transmitted infections found and the concomitant low levels of both protective knowledge and risk-reducing behaviours. Action is needed now to avert an epidemic. Framing interventions by upholding the recognition and protection of human rights is vital.
Resource | Reviews and Snapshots,
Nepal has a total population of 30,138,172 (mid 2009).1 Prostitution is illegal in the country, though, according to the government’s data, there are around 60,000 commercial sex workers in the country. It is estimated that 24,000 to 34,000 of these are female sex workers (FSWs), 20% are commercially sexually exploited children (around 10,000‐12,000) and the rest are male sex workers (MSWs) (around 12,000‐14,000).
The economic condition of Nepal drives many girls (some as young as nine years old) to be commercially sexually exploited. Poverty, in general, is the most commonly identified “push factor” instigating trafficking. In the direct sense, the lack of economic alternatives faced by women makes young girls particularly vulnerable to trafficking. Girls in Nepal are more susceptible to poverty and have limited access to education. The result is that women often lack economic alternatives and/or a proper understanding of the risks involved in trafficking.
Resource | Publications,
The article examines the extent to which an existing sex work typology captures human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk in Karnataka and propose a systematic approach for devising evidence-based typologies.
The proposed typology identifies street to lodge FSWs as being at particularly high risk, which was obscured by the existing typology that distinguishes between FSWs based on place of solicitation alone.
Resource | Reviews and Snapshots,
In 2009, the NACP selected Family Health International to provide technical assistance to NACP, PACPs and local organizations for strengthening HIV prevention interventions. One of the deliverables under the technical assistance is this Situation Assessment Report, documenting lessons learned in Pakistan and forming the basis of the design of other studies, strategies and interventions to be carried out under the Technical Assistance.
The size of the FSW population and their high number of sexual partners suggests that the expansion of the HIV epidemic is likely to be strongly influenced by the extent of the epidemic among FSWs and their clients, even though current HIV prevalence among FSW is low. Several recent surveys have shown that although prevalence among FSW is low, their risk is high and the epidemic potential is considerable because condom use is low and sexual partnerships of FSWs with IDUs are reported by over 10% of the female sex worker population surveyed.
Specific objectives of the assessment were to:
- Assess the structure of the sex trade, changes taking place and implications for reaching target groups Understand the legal and policy environment and its impact on the services for sex workers
- To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of female sex workers and sexual networking patterns
- To assess involvement of target population in the implementation of HIV prevention activities
- To explore opportunities and constraints for formation/operation of FSW self-help groups
- To assess the capacity of NGOs to deliver services for female sex workers
- To assess the roles and responsibilities of Provincial AIDS Control Programs
Resource | Fact Sheets,
The fourth round of Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among female sex workers (FSWs) was conducted in 2009. A total of 600 FSWs were recruited for the study, out of the 400 were recruited from six study sites representing 16 districts between Jhapa district in the Eastern region and Rupandehi district in the Western region along the highway in the Terai.
Resource | Publications,
The fourth round of the Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) survey among female sex workers (FSW) in 22 Terai highway districts was launched on February 20, 2009. A total of 600 female sex workers were recruited for the study, out of whom 400 were recruited from six study sites representing 16 districts between Jhapa in the eastern region and Rupandehi in the western region along the highway in the Terai. Another 200 were recruited from three sites representing six districts between Kapilvastu in the western region and Kanchanpur in the far western region. Data for the study were collected from February 28 to April 25, 2009.