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Resource | Reviews and Snapshots,
Bangladesh has a total population of 156.6 million (mid 2009) and is ranked as the seventh most populous country in the world.
Sex work is not illegal in Bangladesh, per se, yet limitations exist on the basis of age and gender and most activities related to sex work are illegal. Specifically, sex work is legal for females over the age of 18 and illegal for males. Metropolitan Police Acts of Dhaka, Rajshahi, Sylhet, Chittagong, Khulna, and Barisal prohibit the sale or purchase of sex in public places.
Resource | Reviews and Snapshots,
This Viet Nam MSM Country Snapshots provide specific information on HIV, men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender people (TG) in Viet Nam.
Resource | Reviews and Snapshots,
In recognition of the severity of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, international organizations, policymakers, and donors have made bold declarations and set targets for curbing the spread of HIV/AIDS, mitigating its impact, and extending treatment access. For example, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), defined by the international community to serve as a framework for measuring country development progress, aim to halt and reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS by the year 2015. In addition, in 2001, 189 nations adopted the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS at the first-ever United Nations General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) on HIV/AIDS; this Declaration covers 10 priorities, from prevention to treatment to funding, and was designed as a blueprint to meet the HIV/AIDS MDGs.
Mongolia for the first time produced NASA which covers period 2008-2009 along with Mongolian framework for National AIDS Spending Assessment methodology. All matrices stated in NASA framework were compiled except matrices by Beneficiary Population.
Resource | Reviews and Snapshots,
Papua New Guinea (PNG) is currently facing a rapidly expanding HIV epidemic. Although HIV interventions and initiatives are underway, there are questions related to the nature and impact of the epidemic, as well as questions related to the effectiveness of the national response.
The primary objectives of the review were to systematically collect and review studies on HIV, AIDS, STIs and STDs conducted in PNG between 2007 and 2008; to assess the quality and reliability of these studies; and to synthesize the research findings under common thematic areas. The secondary objective of the review was to identify relevant recommendations for researchers, policy makers, practitioners, and stakeholders.
Resource | Reviews and Snapshots,
Sexual and reproductive health of young people has become a major health problem in recent decades. Recent and rapidly increasing Human Immune Defi ciency Virus (HIV) rates show an urgent need for Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and HIV prevention interventions in Nepal. This paper attempts to assess knowledge, attitude and behaviour on STIs/HIV/AIDS in the context of young peoples of Nepal.
Resource | Reviews and Snapshots,
Nepal has a total population of 30,138,172 (mid 2009).1 Prostitution is illegal in the country, though, according to the government’s data, there are around 60,000 commercial sex workers in the country. It is estimated that 24,000 to 34,000 of these are female sex workers (FSWs), 20% are commercially sexually exploited children (around 10,000‐12,000) and the rest are male sex workers (MSWs) (around 12,000‐14,000).
The economic condition of Nepal drives many girls (some as young as nine years old) to be commercially sexually exploited. Poverty, in general, is the most commonly identified “push factor” instigating trafficking. In the direct sense, the lack of economic alternatives faced by women makes young girls particularly vulnerable to trafficking. Girls in Nepal are more susceptible to poverty and have limited access to education. The result is that women often lack economic alternatives and/or a proper understanding of the risks involved in trafficking.
Resource | Reviews and Snapshots,
In 2009, the NACP selected Family Health International to provide technical assistance to NACP, PACPs and local organizations for strengthening HIV prevention interventions. One of the deliverables under the technical assistance is this Situation Assessment Report, documenting lessons learned in Pakistan and forming the basis of the design of other studies, strategies and interventions to be carried out under the Technical Assistance.
The size of the FSW population and their high number of sexual partners suggests that the expansion of the HIV epidemic is likely to be strongly influenced by the extent of the epidemic among FSWs and their clients, even though current HIV prevalence among FSW is low. Several recent surveys have shown that although prevalence among FSW is low, their risk is high and the epidemic potential is considerable because condom use is low and sexual partnerships of FSWs with IDUs are reported by over 10% of the female sex worker population surveyed.
Specific objectives of the assessment were to:
- Assess the structure of the sex trade, changes taking place and implications for reaching target groups Understand the legal and policy environment and its impact on the services for sex workers
- To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of female sex workers and sexual networking patterns
- To assess involvement of target population in the implementation of HIV prevention activities
- To explore opportunities and constraints for formation/operation of FSW self-help groups
- To assess the capacity of NGOs to deliver services for female sex workers
- To assess the roles and responsibilities of Provincial AIDS Control Programs
Resource | Reviews and Snapshots,
The HIV/AIDS situation in Cambodia can be described as improving but fragile, with the estimated prevalence rate slowly declining, remaining consistently below one percent for the last three years.
This report includes the results of the second National AIDS Spending Assessment (NASA II) in Cambodia, covering the fiscal years 2007 and 2008. NASA II was carried out from December 2008 to January 2009 under the leadership of the National AIDS Authority (NAA). It was designed to build in a coherent manner on NASA I which was carried out at the end of 2007 and covered the year 2006.
Resource | Reviews and Snapshots,
There is increasing evidence of what prison systems can do to prevent HIV transmission related to injecting drug use. In particular, needle and syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapies have proven effective at reducing HIV risk behaviours in a wide range of prison environments, without resulting in negative consequences for the health of prison staff or prisoners. The introduction of these programmes in countries with an existing or emergent epidemic of HIV infection among injecting drug users is therefore warranted, as part of comprehensive programmes to address HIV in prisons.
Resource | Reviews and Snapshots,
This study was commissioned by UNAIDS to review the existing and emerging patterns of sex work in Bangladesh in the context of the HIV epidemic. It was a rapid ethnographic snapshot; validating some of the secondary data with perspectives from the ground level informants including gatekeepers from the government, research organizations, civil society and the communities. The study used key informant interviews and focus group discussions as its method. The field study was for 5 days and the study was completed over one month’s time.