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Resource | Publications,
Pakistan although is a low prevalence in terms of HIV/AIDS, the sex industry in Pakistan is changing rapidly and becoming increasingly complicated with highly differentiated sub sectors. The most authoritative studies available from Asia suggest that sex market is vast and the Pakistan market seems to be increasingly contributing to the markets in Middle East, Asia as well as to the demands from London, all under the cover of dancing and singing troupes.
Resource | Publications,
The prevalence of HIV/sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) was determined, the risk characteristics examined, and factors associated with HIV infection identified among noninstitutionalized female sex workers (FSWs), using a cross-sectional survey with two-stage cluster sampling.
Resource | Publications,
This study was conducted among 200 female sex workers (FSWs) and 400 clients in the Pokhara Valley.
This was the first round of the integrated bio-behavioral survey (IBBS) conducted among female sex workers in Pokhara valley and behavioral surveillance survey among the clients of the female sex workers in the Pokhara valley. The survey was carried out during the months of May and June 2004.
Resource | Publications,
At the time the national AIDS strategy was developed in 2002, no hard data were available to guide programme choices and help prioritise strategies. With the support of USAID, the Ministry of Health and Family Health International (FHI) collaborated with local NGOs and others on a quantative survey of HIV, other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and risk behaviour. The survey was conducted in late 2003 in the capital city, Dili, among female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), taxi drivers and male military personnel.
Resource | Publications,
Female sex workers and their male clients have been identified as risk groups for the transmission of STDs and HIV. Behavioural interventions targeting clients need to address inconsistent condom use among them. The aim of the study is to assess the sociodemographic, behavioural, and psychological factors associated with inconsistent condom use among clients of sex workers.
Resource | Publications,
India is one of five countries that—along with Russia, China, Nigeria and Ethiopia—were classified by the U.S. National Intelligence Council in 2002 as representing the second wave of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Current estimates put the total of those infected with HIV in India at 4.5 million, with projections for the number of infections to rise to anywhere between 9 to 25 million by 2010 (NACO 2003; NIC 2002; Rao 2003). Mirroring the global trend, new infections in India are rising rapidly among women ages 15 to 49, who, in 2002, accounted for nearly 40 percent of the total number of estimated cases in the country (NACO Director, July 25, 2003). Surveillance data indicate that HIV prevalence rates among women attending antenatal clinics in several Indian states are well above one percent (NACO 2003). As is clear from these data, HIV infections in India have moved from “high-risk” populations, such as commercial sex workers, into the general population. Yet, not surprisingly, sex workers remain disproportionately affected by the epidemic in India, with prevalence rates among them ranging from 40 to 60 percent in some parts of the country.
Resource | Publications,
Male sex workers (MSWs) comprise an important group at risk of HIV infection in South Asia. There are few published studies about their HIV or STD prevalence, numbers, socio-demographic characteristics or risk behaviors, although there is a growing literature on the more general category of men who have sex with men (MSM) in South Asia. Most published studies are concerned with describing behavioural risk and issues of identity and gender, but we have found none that evaluates or describes HIV prevention interventions. In Bangladesh, however, considerable progress has been made in research, prevention, HIV/syphilis and behavioral surveillance surveys (BSS) among MSM in general and among MSWs in particular. BSS are repeated quantitative surveys carried out in specific populations to track changes in the frequency of behavioural risk factors associated with the spread of HIV infection. The methodology of BSS is semi-standardized and allows comparison across countries and between samples within a country. Probability sampling, once established in sentinel populations, permits comparisons across years and can examine the effects of exposure to an intervention or to a package of interventions in a particular location.
Data from the Bangladesh behavioural surveillance demonstrate the impact of a behavioural intervention on MSWs in Dhaka. Nonetheless, overall condom use remains low. MSWs in Bangladesh remain at high risk in an environment with high levels of syphilis, but continuing low HIV prevalence.
This paper presents selected results of several studies on MSWs in Dhaka, Bangladesh conducted between 1998 and 2000.
Resource | Publications,
This intervention-linked research aimed to (1) rapidly reduce the prevalence of common curable STIs in Angeles City and (2) maintain STI reductions over time.
Significant reductions in prevalence of common curable STIs are possible when effective interventions reach core groups such as sex workers. In Angeles City, a single round of presumptive antibiotic treatment had a short-term impact on STI prevalence that was proportional to coverage. Longer-term maintenance of STI control requires establishment of effective preventive and curative service.
Resource | Tools,
The importance of commercial sex to HIV transmission has been well established in many places. Because sex workers and their clients change partners frequently, they are potentially exposed to HIV at much higher rates than others in the population.
This manual provides a set of guidelines for rapidly obtaining the information necessary to begin the development of effective prevention programs for sex workers and their clients.
Resource | Publications,
BSS in the general population and high-risk groups is proposed to be undertaken thrice during the period 2001-2005.
The present report details the observations of the national baseline BSS survey among high risk and bridge groups, female sex workers and clients of female sex workers, which was conducted in 32 States and Union Territories of the country. This baseline provides basic information needed to strategize and prioritise programs under NACPII during its five years of implementation.