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Resource | Publications,
The objective was to describe the causes of initial and overall AIDS-defining disease episodes among HIV patients in Singapore.
A retrospective observational cohort study was performed of all adult patients seen at the national HIV referral center between 1985 and 2001. Data were extracted from the patients' records by ten trained healthcare workers. AIDS-defining conditions were established using predefined criteria.
Resource | Guidelines,
This guide provides information for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-affected households and communities on how nutrition can help HIV-positive people live healthier lives throughout the progression of HIV disease. Malnutrition is a common complication of HIV infection and plays a significant and independent role in its morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition was one of the earliest complications of AIDS to be recognized and has been used to clinically diagnose AIDS.
The purpose of this guide is to assist program managers and health workers make recommendations on food management and nutritional issues for households with members who are HIV-infected or living with AIDS.
Resource | Publications,
Mr. Nun (a pseudonym) is one of many Cambodians who suffer from AIDS. What is unique about Mr. Nun is that his physical condition is better now than it was last year and that his improvement happened after receiving HIV care and treatment from a local hospital. Mr. Nun is the beneficiary of a new collaborative initiative in Moung Russey Operational District (OD) between the district health services, the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STD (NCHADS), communities, people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA), and international and local non-government organizations. These partners have worked together to improve health services for PLHA by instituting a continuum of care (CoC) for HIV/AIDS clients that provides complementary health care services in both the hospital as well as in the clients’ homes.
In less than six months, with a strategic set of inputs, this partnership has implemented specially designed services in the Moung Russey Referral Hospital (RH) that prevent HIV infection, provide testing and counseling for suspected HIV cases, and make available diagnostic and treatment services for PLHA suffering from HIV-related illnesses such as opportunistic infections (OIs) and TB, including the provision of INH preventive therapy (IPT) for PLHA.
Resource | Publications,
Interactions between antiretroviral therapy (ART) and food and nutrition can affect medication efficacy, nutritional status, and adherence to drug regimens. Drug-food interactions consist of the effects of food on medication efficacy, the effects of medication on nutrient utilization, the effects of medication side effects on food consumption, and unhealthy side effects caused by medication and certain foods. As ART interventions scale up in resource limited settings, addressing food and nutrition implications becomes a critical component of care and support programs and services.
This technical note summarizes the types of ARVs commonly used; offers a framework for understanding drug-food interactions; describes key issues and steps for managing ARV-food interactions; identifies areas where knowledge gaps exist; and lays out the specific food and nutrition implications of ARVs commonly used in resource limited settings. This information aims to support program design and service provision.
Resource | Publications,
In response to the HIV threat in the military, the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces, in partnership with local and international non-governmental organizations and international agencies, developed a comprehensive strategy for reducing HIV vulnerability in the military through education, empowerment and capacity-building as part of a larger national HIV prevention strategy.
This case study documents the Cambodian defence sector's effort in building HIV resilience and reflects both constraints as well as lessons learned on factors contributing to an effective HIV prevention programme in the military.
Resource | Publications,
Over the last few decades, the eyes of much of the world have turned toward Asia and the Pacific. In many countries in the region, economic growth has taken off, poverty has decreased, and people are better educated and healthier than ever before. Not all of Asia has participated equally in these wide-ranging social and economic changes, but much of the region is moving ahead.
Despite this picture of promise, however, HIV/AIDS poses a threat that cannot be ignored. In Asia and the Pacific, as in the rest of the world, the number of those infected with HIV is increasing rapidly, as is the number of people in whom the infection has progressed to the disease of AIDS.
Treating AIDS is expensive, but not treating it—allowing it to spread even faster – may be even more so. In this way, too, the countries of Asia face an enormous challenge.
Resource | Publications,
This report is based on a mapping of HIV vulnerability along selected sections of secondary and tertiary feeder roads along National Road Number Six. This mapping was done as part of the preparatory phase of the World Bank Provincial and Rural Infrastructure Project (PRIP). This project aims at reducing rural poverty through economic and social development, thus facilitating the reintegration of the four target provinces into mainstream national development. The development objective of the PRIP is to provide sustainable and safe access to markets and essential services for people located in rural areas of Kampong Thom, Siem Reap, Odor Meanchey and Preah Vihear.
The increasing prevalence of HIV takes away the benefits from rehabilitation and development of the road system. The ASEAN leaders recognized the importance of the Chiang Rai Recommendation, adopted in 1999, when they again reiterated the importance of regional cooperation in reducing HIV vulnerabilities related to population movement and development at the ASEAN summit in 2001.
Resource | Publications,
This annotated bibliography is intended as a resource for policy makers, programme managers and other personnel working in HIV/AIDS control in developing countries. The aim of this bibliography is to provide representative examples of developing country’ experiences on the effectiveness and programmatic challenges for scaling up adult national antiretroviral treatment programmes.
Given that antiretroviral treatment in developing countries is recent, and research in the field is still emerging, the articles for which annotations are presented here not only include examples from original research, but also published viewpoints, research letters, correspondence, etc.
Resource | Publications,
Recently, Indonesia has adopted an ambitious target of providing antiretroviral treatment (ART) to at least 10 000 people by the end of 2005. As of January 2004, of an estimated 15 000 people who were in need of ART, only 1300 persons were receiving the treatment. The intermediate target for 2005 is in line with the global WHO and UNAIDS "3 by 5" initiative. The initiative aims to provide three million people in developing countries (out of six million in need globally) access to ART by the end of 2005. The ultimate goal of the initiative is to provide universal access.
From 19 to 31 January 2004, a team of WHO experts visited Indonesia to assess the country's readiness for rapid scale-up of ART, to identify the technical support that will be needed, and to recommend urgent action towards achieving the time-bound target.
Resource | Tools,
Despite the stabilization of HIV prevalence in Cambodia over recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of people living with HIV/AIDS who are ill and in need of health care. This reflects the progression of HIV disease in those infected in the past, particularly the large numbers of people infected during the mid-1990s. It is estimated that the peak incidence of illness and death from HIV/AIDS in Cambodia will occur over the next few years. Each year approximately 20 000 people will develop AIDS and die unless expanded interventions are available.
This document is designed as a component in the response that is necessary to address the pressing care needs of person/people living with HIV/AIDS (PHA) in Cambodia. It is written primarily for health care workers who are involved in the care of adults and adolescents (>12 years of age) living with HIV/AIDS. It aims to provide a clear explanation of the basics of ARV therapy. It should be used as an introduction and a reference and should not substitute for comprehensive training in the use of ARV. Similarly it does not seek to address the complex operational requirements of comprehensive HIV care in general, nor of ARV provision in particular.