Cambodia has the highest Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) prevalence in Asia. The predominant mode of transmission is heterosexual, and active commercial sex and bridging networks are believed to have played an important role in rapid epidemic spread.

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The Comprehensive Work Plan 2007 has three primary areas that included:

- Maintaining the provenly successful prevention programmes of 100% Condom Use, Outreach and Peer Education, and STI treatment, in sexual entertainment services, while improving and expanding their coverage. This work builds on the re-design of these programmes undertaken during 2006.

- Continuing to expand the Continuum of Care, while stressing quality assurance and integration, both within the health services, and with other impact mitigation plans and programmes.

- Strengthening effective partnerships through comprehensive planning, optimal resource allocation, clear delineation of roles and responsibilities, and one effective monitoring and reporting systems.

These areas of focus are reflected in the implementation of the activities of the
NCHADS Strategic Plan.

The Comprehensive Work Plan 2008 has three primary areas that included:

- Maintaining the success prevention programmes of 100% Condom Use, Outreach and Peer Education, and STI treatment, in sexual entertainment services, while improving and expanding their coverage. This work builds on the re-design of these programmes undertaken based on Strategic Plan 2008-2010.

- Continuing to expand the Continuum of Care, while stressing quality assurance and integration, both within the health services, and with other impact mitigation plans and programmes.

- Strengthening effective partnerships through comprehensive planning, optimal resource allocation, clear delineation of roles and responsibilities, and one effective monitoring and reporting systems.

These areas of focus are reflected in the implementation of the activities of the NCHADS Strategic Plan 2008-2010.

The 2005 Work Plan focused on the following priorities:

- Implementing the reviewed and up-dated Strategic Plan for HIV/AIDS and STD Prevention and Care 2004-2007

- Continuing integrating HIV/AIDS and STD plans within MoH Annual Operational Plan (AOP)

- Extending the Continuum of Care through health care system

- Expanding VCCT services

- Provision of ART to reach '3x5' targets

- Maintaining the proven Targeted Prevention programme

- Strengthening the M, R & E system

- Strengthening NCHADS capabilities

- Continuing capacity building for provinces

Prisoners tend to be among the most marginalized and discriminated against populations in society due to the concentration of people such as injecting drug users (IDUs) and sex workers, among whom HIV prevalence is much higher than in the general population. Incarceration may be the only point of contact with the healthcare system for many in this transient and often inaccessible population. Given the high prevalence of HIV and the public health impact of undiagnosed infection on both the individuals and the communities they return to, HIV testing within prisons and jails is critically important. With the risk of transmission highest among the untreated and undiagnosed when viral loads are high, as well as the demonstrated decrease in risk behaviours after diagnosis, testing for HIV has both individual and public health benefits. HIV prevalence in prisons is often significantly higher than in the general population. While most prisoners living with HIV contract their infection outside the institutions before imprisonment, the risk of being infected in prison through sharing of contaminated injecting equipment and unprotected sex is great, and contributes to
further transmission of the virus.

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