This report documents the findings of the second round of IBBS conducted among 400 MSM in the Kathmandu Valley. The primary objective of the study was to collect strategic information to analyze trends in risk behavior and HIV/STI prevalence rates among MSM.

The overall objective of the study is to determine the levels of HIV and STI
prevalence and risk behavior among MSM sub-population in Kathmandu and their
behavioral links with general population or other groups with high-risk behaviors. The
study will be useful to those, including FHI, seeking to design, monitor and evaluate
the impact of their interventions and to advocate effective prevention and care
interventions in MSM sub population.

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This is the fourth round of the IBBS conducted among the Female Sex Workers (FSWs) of Pokhara Valley. The survey covered the urban and sub-urban locations falling within the valley of Pokhara. The fieldwork for the survey was carried out from January 16 to March 17, 2011. The survey was undertaken primarily to track the trend of HIV infection and syphilis in FSWs and to assess the sexual behaviors among FSWs in the valley. Information on the demographic, sexual behavior and exposure to STI/HIV/AIDS awareness programs were collected through a structured questionnaire while the prevalence of HIV and syphilis were tested via blood samples. Syphilis was tested using the Rapid Plasma Regain (RPR) test card. HIV was detected by using Determine HIV 1/2 test as a first test to detect antibodies against HIV, Uni-Gold test as a second test, and SD Bioline HIV 1/2 test as a tie breaker test.

This is the fourth round of the IBBS survey conducted among 593 Female Sex Workers (FSWs) - of whom 355 were establishment-based and 238 street-based. The survey covered the entire Kathmandu Valley, including the Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Lalitpur districts. The fieldwork for the survey was carried out from January 16 to March 6, 2011. The survey was undertaken primarily to track the trend of HIV infection and syphilis in FSWs and to understand sexual behaviors among FSWs in the Kathmandu Valley. Information on the socio-demographic, sexual behavior, pregnancy history and use of family planning devices, drug use and exposure to STI/HIV/AIDS awareness programs was collected through a structured questionnaire, while the prevalence of HIV and syphilis was tested via blood samples. Syphilis was tested using the Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test card. HIV was detected by using the Determine HIV 1/2 test as a first test to detect antibodies against HIV, the Uni-Gold test as a second test, and the SD Bioline HIV 1/2 test as a tie breaker test as per the VCT guideline of National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC).

This report details the findings of the fifth round of the IBBS conducted among 340 male IDUs in the Kathmandu Valley, recruited using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS). A structured questionnaire was administered to the respondents at a centrally located survey center. The questionnaire collected information on sexual behavior and HIV/AIDS awareness as well as socio-demographics. After the interview, clinical examinations were conducted by a Health Assistant and blood samples were collected for HIV and syphilis testing by a lab technician. The test results were provided in coordination with pre- and post-test counseling by a trained counselor in the survey center.

This study was conducted among 200 female sex workers (FSWs) and 400 clients in the
Pokhara Valley.

This was the first round of the integrated bio-behavioral survey (IBBS) conducted among
female sex workers in Pokhara valley and behavioral surveillance survey among the clients of the female sex workers in the Pokhara valley. The survey was carried out during the months of May and June 2004. It was designed to measure HIV and syphilis prevalence among female sex workers and the risk behaviors which are associated with a risk of HIV infection, such as condom use, sexual behaviors, knowledge of HIV/AIDS, reported cases of STI and their treatment behaviors, exposure to HIV/AIDS messages and drug habits. This survey will be repeated regularly to measure the prevalence of HIV and identify changes in the behaviors over time.

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This report details the findings of the fifth round of the IBBS conducted among 345 male IDUs in the Pokhara Valley recruited using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS). A structured questionnaire was administered to the respondents at a centrally located survey center. The questionnaire collected information on sexual behavior and HIV/AIDS awareness as well as socio-demographics. After the interview, clinical examinations were conducted by a Health Assistant and blood samples were collected for HIV and syphilis testing by a lab technician. The test results were provided in coordination with pre- and post-test counseling by a trained counselor in the survey center.