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Philippines: 2005-2009 Integrated HIV Behavioral and Serologic Surveillance - Males who Have Sex with Males. Department of Health, Philippines. (2011)

2009 IHBSS Inclusion Criteria: Born male, 15 years and older, who had sex, anal or oral, with another male in the past 12 months

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Philippines: 2005-2009 Integrated HIV Behavioral and Serologic Surveillance - Injecting Drug Users. Department of Health, Philippines. (2011)

2009 IHBSS Inclusion Criteria: Male or female, 15 years and older, who injected drugs not prescribed by a physician, in the past 6 months.

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Philippines: 2005-2009 Integrated HIV Behavioral and Serologic Surveillance - Female Sex Workers. Department of Health, Philippines. (2011)

IHBSS Inclusion Criteria:
RFSW: Born female, 15 years and older, who had sex in exchange of cash or payment in kind in the past 30 days, and is based in an
entertainment establishment registered at the local Social Hygiene Clinic (SHC).
FFSW: Born female, 15 years and older, who had sex in exchange of cash or payment in kind in the past 30 days, and is based in
cruising sites such as streets or entertainment establishments not registered at the local SHC.

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Philippines: 2005-2009 Integrated HIV Behavioral and Serologic Surveillance - Youth: Males who Have Sex with Males. Department of Health, Philippines. (2011)

2009 IHBSS Inclusion Criteria: Born male, 15 years and older, who had sex, anal or oral, with another male in the past 12 months

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Philippines: 2005-2009 Integrated HIV Behavioral and Serologic Surveillance - Youth: Injecting Drug Users. Department of Health, Philippines. (2011)

2009 IHBSS Inclusion Criteria: Male or female, 15 years and older, who injected drugs not prescribed by a physician, in the past 6 months.

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Philippines: 2005-2009 Integrated HIV Behavioral and Serologic Surveillance - Youth: Female Sex Workers. Department of Health, Philippines. (2011)

IHBSS Inclusion Criteria:
RFSW: Born female, 15 years and older, who had sex in exchange of cash or payment in kind in the past 30 days, and is based in an
entertainment establishment registered at the local Social Hygiene Clinic (SHC).
FFSW: Born female, 15 years and older, who had sex in exchange of cash or payment in kind in the past 30 days, and is based in
cruising sites such as streets or entertainment establishments not registered at the local SHC.

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Philippines: 2009 Integrated HIV Behavioral and Serologic Surveillance - NCR. Department of Health, Philippines. (2011)

IHBSS Inclusion Criteria:
RFSW: Born female, 15 years and older, who had sex in exchange of cash or payment in kind in the past 30 days, and is based in an entertainment establishment registered at the local Social Hygiene Clinic (SHC).
FFSW: Born female, 15 years and older, who had sex in exchange of cash or payment in kind in the past 30 days, and is based in cruising sites such as streets or entertainment establishments not registered at the local SHC.
MSM: Born male, 15 years and older, who had sex, anal or oral, with another male in the past 12 months.
IDU: Male or female, 15 years and older, who injected drugs not prescribed by a physician, in the past 6 months.

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Philippines: 2009 Integrated HIV Behavioral and Serologic Surveillance - Fact Sheets by Site. Department of Health, Philippines. (2011)

IHBSS Inclusion Criteria:
RFSW: Born female, 15 years and older, who had sex in exchange of cash or payment in kind in the past 30 days, and is based in an entertainment establishment registered at the local Social Hygiene Clinic (SHC).
FFSW: Born female, 15 years and older, who had sex in exchange of cash or payment in kind in the past 30 days, and is based in cruising sites such as streets or entertainment establishments not registered at the local SHC.
MSM: Born male, 15 years and older, who had sex, anal or oral, with another male in the past 12 months.
IDU: Male or female, 15 years and older, who injected drugs not prescribed by a physician, in the past 6 months.

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HIV Prevalence and Behavioral Risk Factors among Males Having Sex with Males (MSM). Pedroso L, Sasota R, and Tacardon L. (2009)

The IHBSS. The first systematic attempt of the Department of Health (DOH) to track HIV/AIDS in the Philippines was through the HIV/AIDS Registry established in 1987. This was followed by the HIV Serologic Surveillance (HSS) in 1993 and subsequently by the Behavioral Sentinel Surveillance (BSS) in 1997. These surveillance systems aimed to unearth information needed to address the prevailing HIV infection.

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philippines

The boundaries and names shown and the official designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations

Country Profile

The first HIV case in the Philippines was detected in 1984. In 2010, an estimated 8,700 adults and children were living with HIV, a substantial increase from the estimated 1,700 in 2001 [1]. The Philippine HIV & AIDS Registry had 6,015 reported HIV cases by the end of 2010, with one-third of all new infections being detected from 2008 to 2010 [2]. During same period, a cumulative total of 852 AIDS cases and 323 AIDS-related deaths had been reported [2].

Sexual transmission had been the leading mode of transmission as of December 2010, which accounted for 90% of reported cases [2]. Other known modes of transmission included perinatal transmission, injecting drug use, blood transfusion and needle prick injuries.

HIV prevalence is concentrated among key affected populations – men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users (IDUs), sex workers, clients of sex workers and Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) [3]. The 2009 Integrated HIV and Behaviour Serologic Surveillance (IHBSS) revealed overall HIV prevalence of 0.99% among MSM [4] and 0.21% among IDUs (up from 0.1% in 2007) [4]. The same source found the syphilis prevalence to be 2.1% among MSM and 2.3% among IDUs. Although HIV prevalence among sex workers and their clients remains relatively low, the sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence among this group is increasing. In the 2009 IHBSS, 0.4% of registered FSWs and 2.4% of freelance FSWs tested positive for syphilis [5].

Since 1984, overseas Filipino workers (OFWs), particularly those that are MSM or clients of FSWs had comprised as much as 52% (in 2002) of annual reported HIV cases [6]; although substantially lower at 18% in 2009 [7]. OFWs are among the most tested segments of the working population from the Philippines.

Among the vulnerability and risk factors include [8]: low rates of condom use; increasing casual sexual activity, particularly among young men aged 15-25; returning OFWs who participated in unprotected casual sex and other risky behaviour while overseas; widespread misconceptions about transmission of HIV, including low level of knowledge about prevention of HIV, especially among key affected populations and the youth; and high needle-sharing rates and use of unsterile needles/syringes among injecting drug users.

Sources:

[1] UNAIDS, Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2010

[2] Philippine HIV and AIDS Registry, Department of Health, National Epidemiology Center, September 2010

[3] Philippine National AIDS Council (PNAC), UNGASS Country Report of the Philippines (January 2006 to December 2007), January 2008.

[4] Philippines, Integrated HIV and Behaviour Serologic Surveillance (IHBSS), 2009, cited in Philippines, Philippines National AIDS Council, UNGASS - Country Report of the Philippines, 2010

[5] National Epidemiology Center, This is it!, in IHBSS National Dissemination Forum, M. National Epidemiology Center -Department of Health, Philippines, Editor. 2009: Manila

[6] Philippine HIV and AIDS Registry, Department of Health, National Epidemiology Center, December 2009

[7] Philippines National AIDS Council, UNGASS - Country Report of the Philippines, 2010

[8] Farr AC, Wilson DP. An HIV epidemic is ready to emerge in the Philippines, J Int AIDS Soc. 2010 Apr 22;13:16

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