Brunei Darussalam

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Brunei Darussalam

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Brunei Darussalam: Reference Materials

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Country Profile

The first case of HIV was detected in 1986. Since then, the number of cases has continued to grow and by the end of 2009, a cumulative total of 56 HIV cases were reported together with 11 new cases of HIV for that year alone [1]. However, HIV prevalence amongst general population (15-49) has remained low at <0.1% [2]. Returning migrants accounted for 96% of cases identified by the Ministry of Health in 2006 [2].

Almost all new cases recorded between 2008 and 2009 were transmitted through sexual contact with approximately 75% through heterosexual and 25% through homosexual modes. Of the new cases reported during 2008-2009, 85% were male and 42.1% were married [3]. Compulsory antenatal screening for HIV of pregnant women found a low HIV prevalence, which would indicate low levels in the general population. Since 1995, there have been no recorded cases of mother‐to‐child transmission, and since 2007 there have been five infants born to three HIV‐positive mothers [4].Also, there have been no known cases of HIV transmission via injecting drug use and that drug injecting is not considered to be significant in Brunei Darussalam [1].

Among the vulnerability factors include: the rise in prevalence of other sexually transmitted infections (in particular chlamydia and gonorrhea) among the general population [1]; the lack of behavioural surveys, which made it difficult to interpret and better analyze HIV trends for more appropriate programming and implementation of HIV interventions [1]); low coverage of programmes, and lack of a policy on sex education in school curriculum [1]; increased HIV prevalence among MSM and increased proportion of cases being transmitted via homosexual transmission [5]. Meanwhile, MSM are a very difficult target for prevention and surveillance because male-to-male sex is illegal and there are no formalized MSM groupings or associations.

Sources:

[1] Brunei, UNGASS Country Progress Report, 2010

[2] UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, Annex 1: Country Profiles: Brunei Darussalam, 2006

[3] Brunei, UNGASS Country Progress Report, 2010, citing Disease Control Division, Department of Health Services surveillance data

[4] Brunei, UNGASS Country Progress Report, 2010 citing Department of Medical Services HIV registry

[5] Brunei, UNGASS Country Progress Report, 2010 citing Towards Universal Access - Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector, Progress Report 2009, World Health Organization

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