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Resource | Presentations,
This is a presentation on Unfunded Response: Financing MSM Program in Asia and the Pacific.
Resource | Publications,
At this point in time, the HIV epidemic in Nepal is still concentrated among high-risk groups, including injecting drug users (IDUs). Nepal has approximately 20,000 IDUs, with at least 5,000 living in the capital, Kathmandu. HIV prevalence among IDUs in Kathmandu is extremely high. In 2003 – the reference year of this analysis – that rate was 68%.
This paper has two objectives. The first is to examine the robustness of two different epidemiological models; these models were used to determine the impact of IDU interventions in Nepal when interventions are scaled-up to reach 60% of IDUs, as recommended by UNAIDS. The second objective is to disseminate the outcome of two cost- effectiveness analyses of IDU interventions in Nepal. These analyses used identical data sets to determine the cost-effectiveness ratios under various scenarios of intervention coverage.
Nepal has been selected as a case study for two reasons. Firstly, it has good quality cost data information that is easily converted into 2003 prices, and behavioural surveillance data from 2003. Secondly, Nepal was one of four countries in the region where an alpha version of the Asian Effectiveness Model (AEM) (Brown and Peerapatanapokin 2004, Brown T 2005) was available at the time of the analysis (June/July 2007).
Resource | Publications,
The project will contribute to the national development goals of the Interim Afghanistan National Development Strategy (I-ANDs) o f maintaining Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence below 0.5 percent in the general population and below 5 percent among vulnerable groups at high risk o f infection. The project’s development objectives are to slow down the spread o f HIV and build up the national capacity to respond to the epidemic. This will be accomplished by: (a) behavior change among vulnerable groups at high risk; and (b) improving knowledge of HIV prevention and reducing stigma related to HIV and (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) AIDS in the general population.
Resource | Publications,
From UNAIDS' launch in 1996 until 2005, available annual funding for the response to AIDS in low- and middle-income countries increased 28-fold, from US$ 300 million to US$ 8.3 billion. Existing pledges, commitments and trends suggest the rate of increase may be declining and that available funds will be US$ 8.9 billion in 2006 and US$ 10 billion in 2007.
Global and national advocacy to boost and sustain political leadership and public support remain essential. Also essential is making far better use of funding flows that are available. That means streamlining the flow of financial resources to the front lines of the epidemic, putting it to optimal use and providing HIV-related prevention, treatment, care and support as quickly as possible to everyone in need.
Resource | Publications,
Tracking how much resources were spent on HIV/AIDS as well as forecasting resource needs for scaling up responses are important inputs for effective national and global responses to the AIDS pandemic. Efficient allocation of international financial assistance and national resources for HIV/AIDS should be guided by transparent information on sources and uses of funds. The lack of timely, accurate information about spending represents a key constraint for policy decision on effective use of limited resources in developing countries.
The needs to further improve data systems are clear. At present, there has been limited success in establishing resource tracking system and a comprehensive information regarding where those funds came from and how they were spent. As a result, policy makers are unlikely to be able to effectively mobilize additional resources and allocate them toward the populations and types of services that are vital to confront the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Resource | Publications,
The National AIDS Spending Assessment aims to assess the situation of the actual National expenditures on HIV/AIDS activities over the last five years (2000-2004) from different institutions. The total AIDS expenditure over the past five years is estimated at Lao Kip 148.62 billion (USD 14.85 million). The expenditure trend has shown the steadily increase steadily every year from 2.1 million in 2000 to 4.99 million in 2004. There were two sources of National AIDS Spending, from the government (in kind see table 2), and from external assistant. Remarkably, a large spending of AIDS came from external sources of 98.83 percent to 99.83 percent.
Resource | Publications,
The HIV/AIDS situation in the country can be described as hidden and growing. Based on the HIV/AIDS Registry of the National Epidemiology Center (NEC) of the Department of Health (DOH), the cumulative number of HIV/Ab seropositive cases has reached 2,373 since 1984. Epidemiologists and experts, however, estimate that the actual number of HIV cases is around 10,000. Despite the increasing number of cases, the prevalence rate remains consistently below one percent.
An examination of the country's total HIV/AIDS spending over the last five years (2000-20004) showed an erratic trend, peaking in 2001, and declining in the years that followed. Notably, a large share of total annual spending came from external sources (at least 75 percent).
The Philippines is committed to halting and reversing the spread of HIV/AIDS. Hence, mobilization of resources is critical in keeping the prevalence of HIV/AIDS low and the rate of transmission slow.
Resource | Publications,
This paper reports estimates of the economic impact of HIV/AIDS in the Asian and Pacific region using a standard growth model. Following previous research on this issue, an economy wide aggregate production function is estimated with health capital as an input. HIV/AIDS is assumed to influence the accumulation of health capital proxied by a life expectancy shortfall measure. The model is estimated empirically using cross-country panel data spanning the period 1960–2000. Using a global sample, results indicate a negative impact of increasing HIV/AIDS prevalence on health capital and on economic growth. Using fairly conservative projections for HIV/AIDS prevalence, the model predicts a particularly large adverse impact on economic growth in Cambodia and Papua New Guinea.
Resource | Publications,
In the four months since the High-Level Meeting on "The Global Response to AIDS: Making the Money Work – The Three Ones in Action" on March 9th 2005, the estimates for the AIDS resource needs have been refined and updated. The revisions are based on newly available information and invaluable input from the recently formed Resource Needs Steering Committee and the Resource Needs Technical Working Group.
The coverage levels for services presented in the analysis should not be considered as agreed targets, but rather the outcomes that could be expected if these resources were spent as described.
Resource | Publications,
HIV/AIDS spending in Thailand was 4,943.32 millions baht (122.90 million USD) in 2004, nearly doubled from that of 2,623.27 millions baht (65.4 million USD) in 2000. HIV/AIDS spending per capita increased from 1.05 USD in 2000 to 1.91 USD in 2004 while expenditure per capita PLWA increased dramatically 2.3 times from 94.19 USD in 2000 to 214.68 USD in 2004. In addition, the share of HIV/AIDS expenditure to total health expenditure (THE) increased from 1.57% in 2000 to 2.64% in 2004.
There is a need to establish an integrated information system for the efficient management of HIV/AIDS resources. NASA is useful tool to inform policy decision on effective allocation of limited resources. It provides information on amount of resource used and pattern of spending. NASA reports resource availability, when matching with resource need forecast, a financial gap is estimated. Resources gap is important information for resource mobilization and efficiency improvement.